Moving Ahead or Falling Behind? Gender and Wages after Legalization
نویسندگان
چکیده
I. Introduction The Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) was enacted in 1986 in an effort to reduce illegal migration by fining those employers who hire unauthorized workers. At the same time, in order to recognize the commitment that many unauthorized workers had already made to the U.S. labor market, the General Legalization Program granted amnesty to approximately 1.7 million people who could demonstrate continuous U.S. residence since 1982. Amnesty gave people—more than 42 percent of whom were women—the opportunity to move " out of the shadows " of unauthorized employment by becoming legal permanent residents and eventually citizens.
منابع مشابه
Children Mortality in Iran: Moving Ahead with the Sustainable Development Goals
A secular milestone is approached by the world in line of reaching Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). After December 2015, a new of flexible and global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were set, replace MDGs by SDGs. Infant mortality rate (IMR) is a pivotal indicator of development in a given country that embedded in Millennium Development Goal (MDG). After that in manner of strong clini...
متن کاملCatching up , forging ahead or falling behind ? Central and Eastern European development in 1990 2005
This paper aims to assess the economic development and development policies in the Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries in 199
متن کاملLegalization and the Economic Status of Immigrants
This paper investigates the impact of legalization on the economic outcomes of the legalized population. It uses a natural experiment caused by the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) which gave amnesty for undocumented immigrants who could prove continuous residence in the U.S. after January 1, 1982. The arbitrary cutoff date on the eligibility criteria causes a discontinuity in the...
متن کاملThe new labor market: immigrants and wages after IRCA.
We examine the effect of the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) on migrants' wages using data gathered in 39 Mexican communities and their U.S. destination areas. We examine changes in the determinants of wages before and after the passage of IRCA, as well as the effects of its massive legalization program. Migrants' wages deteriorated steadily between 1970 and 1995, but IRCA did not fom...
متن کامل